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Part of Aircraft (5)
AILERON
Aileron can be used to generate a rolling
motion for an aircraft. Ailerons are small
hinged sections on the outboard portion of a
wing. Ailerons usually work in opposition: as
the right aileron is deflected upward, the left
is deflected downward, and vice versa. This
slide shows what happens when the pilot
deflects the right aileron upwards and the left
aileron downwards.
The ailerons are used to bank the aircraft; to
cause one wing tip to move up and the other
wing tip to move down. The banking creates
an unbalanced side force component of the
large wing lift force which causes the
aircraft’s flight path to curve. (Airplanes turn
because of banking created by the ailerons,
not because of a rudder input.
The ailerons work by changing the effective
shape of the airfoil of the outer portion of the
wing. As described on the shape effects slide,
changing the angle of deflection at the rear of
an airfoil will change the amount of lift
generated by the foil. With greater downward
deflection, the lift will increase in the upward
direction. Notice on this slide that the aileron
on the left wing, as viewed from the rear of
the aircraft, is deflected down. The aileron on
the right wing is deflected up. Therefore, the
lift on the left wing is increased, while the lift
on the right wing is decreased. For both
wings, the lift force (Fr or Fl) of the wing
section through the aileron is applied at the
aerodynamic center of the section which is
some distance (L) from the aircraft center of
gravity. This creates a torque
T = F * L
about the center of gravity. If the forces (and
distances) are equal there is no net torque on
the aircraft. But if the forces are unequal,
there is a net torque and the aircraft rotates
about its center of gravity. For the conditions
shown in the figure, the resulting motion will
roll the aircraft to the right (clockwise) as
viewed from the rear. If the pilot reverses the
aileron deflections (right aileron down, left
aileron up) the aircraft will roll in the
opposite direction. We have chosen to name
the left wing and right wing based on a view
from the back of the aircraft towards the
nose, because that is the direction in which
the pilot is looking.
motion for an aircraft. Ailerons are small
hinged sections on the outboard portion of a
wing. Ailerons usually work in opposition: as
the right aileron is deflected upward, the left
is deflected downward, and vice versa. This
slide shows what happens when the pilot
deflects the right aileron upwards and the left
aileron downwards.
The ailerons are used to bank the aircraft; to
cause one wing tip to move up and the other
wing tip to move down. The banking creates
an unbalanced side force component of the
large wing lift force which causes the
aircraft’s flight path to curve. (Airplanes turn
because of banking created by the ailerons,
not because of a rudder input.
The ailerons work by changing the effective
shape of the airfoil of the outer portion of the
wing. As described on the shape effects slide,
changing the angle of deflection at the rear of
an airfoil will change the amount of lift
generated by the foil. With greater downward
deflection, the lift will increase in the upward
direction. Notice on this slide that the aileron
on the left wing, as viewed from the rear of
the aircraft, is deflected down. The aileron on
the right wing is deflected up. Therefore, the
lift on the left wing is increased, while the lift
on the right wing is decreased. For both
wings, the lift force (Fr or Fl) of the wing
section through the aileron is applied at the
aerodynamic center of the section which is
some distance (L) from the aircraft center of
gravity. This creates a torque
T = F * L
about the center of gravity. If the forces (and
distances) are equal there is no net torque on
the aircraft. But if the forces are unequal,
there is a net torque and the aircraft rotates
about its center of gravity. For the conditions
shown in the figure, the resulting motion will
roll the aircraft to the right (clockwise) as
viewed from the rear. If the pilot reverses the
aileron deflections (right aileron down, left
aileron up) the aircraft will roll in the
opposite direction. We have chosen to name
the left wing and right wing based on a view
from the back of the aircraft towards the
nose, because that is the direction in which
the pilot is looking.
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